At present, there are two kinds of experiments on itaconate: Irg1−/− macrophages and also the regulatory outcome of itaconate derivatives. These two success have been complementary and uncovered which the regulatory mechanisms of itaconate involved alkylation on Keap1 to activate Nrf2, succinate dehydrogenase inhibition, activating transcription component 3 (ATF3) induction https://di0378990.livebloggs.com/35970575/tgf-beta-1-protein-fundamentals-explained